Tạp chí Khoa học Lâm nghiệp số chuyên san – 2019 Kỷ nhiệm 60 năm xây dựng và phát triển Trung tâm Khoa học Lâm nghiệp vùng Trung tâm Bắc Bộ

Từ khóa: Vườn sưu tập thực vật, Cầu Hai, thực vật đặc hữu, thực vật quý hiếm, vườn tre

Cau Hai arboretum, which was established in 1991, consists of 378 plant species of 210 genera belonging to 76 families in 4 collection of plant species group on an area of 38,6 hectares. The arboretum includes 251 tree species, 93 bamboo species, 18 medicinal plant species, and 17 species of Arecaceae. Bamoo garden of Cau Hai arboretum is first collection of bamboo species in Vietnam, and has 93 bamboo species belonging to 16 genera on a area of 3.5 hectares. There are 33 rare and endangered plant species of Cau Hai arboretum, including 26 the species in Vietnam red data book 2007, 31 the species in Vietnam red list 2007, 13 the species of IIA group in Decree 06/2019/ND-CP, 19 the species in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. There are 32 endemic plant species of Vietnam, including 3 tree species and 29 bamboo species. 15 of 29 native bamboo species were published new species from 2010 to 2017, and 13 of the endemic bamboo species are unidentified latin name and can be new species.

Keywords: Arboretum, Cau Hai, endemic plant, rare plant, bamboo garden

Từ khóa: Tre ngọt, phân bố, sinh thái, sinh trưởng, quy luật sinh măng

Dendrocalamus brandisii was found and decribed the first time in Vietnam by Camus (1993), but there is not a completely research of its biological characteristics in Vietnam. The species were planted in Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, and Phu Tho provinces, however its natural distribution has not been discovered. There are a total of 393 planted clumps of D.brandisii in 4 Northern provinces (Dien Bien, Lai Chau, Lao Cai and Phu Tho province). Ecological amplitude of this species is quitely wide from 50 m to 1.600 m altitude. Culm size of the species majorly change between sites, from 6.8 to 12.3 cm in diameter, the biggest diameter reaches 19.2 cm, from 12.4 to 20.8 in height, the largest height is 26 m. Growth stages of bamboo shoot of the species are 245 days, main season of bamboo shoots is from June to August occuping more than 50% total of bamboo shoots per year. Each clump of the species can generate 14 – 19.8 bamboo shoots/clump per year, one year old culm produces the most bamboo shoot from 1.8 to 2.6 bamboo shoots per culm. The dorminant branches of each culm are very few (only 1 branch per culm) and generated in high height from 18^th to 21^th node up.

Keywords: Dendrocalamus brandisi, distribution, ecology, growth, growth stages of bamboo shoot

Từ khóa: Bảo tồn, đặc hữu, đa dạng di truyền, SSR, Vù hương

Cinnamomum balansae H. Lec (Lauraceae) is an evergreen, ecologically and economically important tree species globally. This species has been considered as an endemic to Vietnam and is assessed as endangered. The total leaves and/or inner barks collected from 50 individuals of seven populations in seven province of Northern Vietnam (Phu Tho, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Son La, Hoa Binh, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An), were used to assess genetic diversity using SSR markers. All of the ten loci showed polymorphic. A total of 28 alelles were observed in ten loci. Genetic diversity in population level was higher (Na = 2.354; Ne = 2.107; I = 0.489, He = 0.244 and Ho = 0.314). Analysis of molecular variation showed that the level of low molecular changes between populations was (12.86%), and high among individuals in the population was observed by (87.14%). All seven populations were negative inbreeding coefficient (Fis < 0). The obtained results revealed that the deficiency of homozygotes and excess of heterozygote in all populations. Cluster analysis using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) with genetic similarity coefficients was ranged from 61 to 99.8%. Group I includes individuals origin in 4 provinces (Nghe An, Thanh Hoa, Son La and Hoa Binh) and group II includes individuals originating in 3 provinces (Phu Tho, Tuyen Quang and Yen Bai). A number of measures applied to the conservation and sustainable development were also discussed.

Keywords: : Conservation, Cinnamomum balansae, endemic, genetic diversity, SSR.

Từ khóa: MatK, rbcL, psbA-trnH, ITS, chi luồng, phylogenetics

Four nucleotide regions (a nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed sequence (ITS) and three chloroplast DNA fragments (rbcL intron, MatK-barcode and psbA-trnH spacer) were used to assess phylogenetic relationships of 12 bamboo species of Dendrocalamus. The result showed that genetic similarity coefficients of the species in three chloroplast DNA ranged from 98% to 100%, and from 70% to 99% in nuclear ribosomal DNA region (ITS) . Phylogenetics of the species only based on one of three chloroplast DNA regions were not clearly separated, but two type species of two subgenera (Dendrocalamus strictus and Dendrocalamus latiflorus) were always distinguished. The relationships of the species based on ITS spacer were obviously separated both species and two type species of two subgenera. Phylogenetics of the species based on combined analysis of four plastid DNA regions showed that twelve species were divided into two groups representing 2 subgenera (subgenus Dendrocalamus and subgenus Sinocalamus), and species of subgenus Dendrocalamus were continously splited on three smaller group representing 3 sections. Therefore, it can be used to analyse phylogenetics of Dendrocalamus species.

Keywords: MatK, rbcL, psbA-trnH, ITS, Dendrocalamus, phylogenetic

Từ khóa: Cây trội, gia đình, khảo nghiệm, xuất xứ

The native species using for afforestation of big wood supply is solution toward sustained development of forest production. The study on breeding selection and wood using for added value increasing of Ailanthus is one of subjects of Ministry’s topic which was implemented by Vietnamese Academy of Forest Science from 2014 – 2018 in North, Center and Southeast regions. Objective of breeding trial in Phu Tho is to select a potential provinance and family of Ailanthus for afforestation. The method of plus tree selection and breeding trial was carried out base on (QPN/15 – 93) process and (TCN-147-2006) standard of MARD. The research results shows that: There are 12 among 40 families of 8 provinances in trial which have the tree’s volume over 10% to compare with average index of all families in attendance. In addition, average growth increasing of D_1.3 > 2 cm/year and high of tree > 1 m/year is a good indicators for native tree species. Base on other request of breeding selection, the afforestation in Phu Tho should be to use 2 provinances Tuyen Quang (TQ) and Binh Phuoc (BQ) with families TQ1, TQ3, TQ6, BP22 and 5 families of other provinances including VP1,VP2, QN24, QN29 and PY4. The research also shows the use Ailanthus triphysa wood as cover layer of wood product as well as furniture is a beauty and meeting techniques parameters.

Keywords: Plus trees, family, trial, provinance

Từ khóa: Lim xanh, sinh trưởng, bảo tồn gen cây rừng, Cầu Hai

Breeding trail of 9 provenances and 74 families of Erythrophloeum fordi Oliv. belonging to national subject of forest genetic gene conservation from 1996 to 2000 was implemented on 1,5 hectares in Cau Hai, Phu Tho. The research result shows that: Difference in growth of diameter, height, and volume between provenances was not significant (Sig. > 0.05), but the difference in the growth between families was significant (Sig. < 0.05). Volume of seven families reached over 110 m³/ha, height of lowest branches of the six families, including BT5, BT6, QN5, HB3, QN3, TH2, were above 5 meters. In terms of quality, there are 11 families with 4 straight points, no pests and no bad trees. There are 4 families that have both high productivity and good quality, namely BT5, BT6, QN3, TH2, the best is BT5 family.

Keywords: Erythrophloeum fordi, growth, forest genetic gene conservation, Cau Hai

Từ khóa: Dẻ đỏ, sinh trưởng, Phú Thọ, Hòa Bình, Yên Bái, cây bản địa

Study on evaluating plantation models and planting techniques of Lithocarpus ducampii A. Camus was conducted at Phu Tho, Hoa Binh and Yen Bai provinces. The result of evaluating the growth of Lithocarpus ducampii in Phu Tho is the dominant species with 14.7 – 23.1 cm in diameter, 5.6 – 19.2 m in height, 2.1 – 9 m in under crown height, 3.1 – 6.6 m in crown diameter. The good quality trees have high percentage from 68.8% to 84%. Research result in Yen Bai province shows that Lithocarpus ducampii have grown with 12.4 – 14.9 cm in diameter, 12.5 – 13 m in height, 5.3 – 6.7 m in under crown height, 3.2 – 3.6 m in crown diameter. The good quality trees have high percentage from 45.6% to 54.7%. In Hoa Binh province, Lithocarpus ducampii is the dominant species with 16.4 – 17.4 cm in diameter, 14.3 – 15.6 m in height, 6 – 7.5 m in under crown height, 5 – 5.5 m in crown diameter. The good quality trees have high percentage from 54.7 to 63.8%. The annual average growths of Lithocarpus ducampii in 3 provinces of Phu Tho, Yen Bai, Hoa Binh are among the fast growing native species group with a diameter growth rate of over 0.8 cm/year of which the fasted average annual growth is in Hoa Binh is ∆D_1.3 = 1.1 cm, the lowest is in Phu Tho is ∆D_1.3 = 0.95 cm/year.

Keywords: Lithrocarpus ducampii, growth, Phu Tho, Hoa Binh, Yen Bai, native species

Từ khóa: Cây lá rộng bản địa, gỗ lớn, Phú Thọ, rừng trồng hỗn giao, Yên Bái

The results of evaluating of mixed plantation models of native broad-leaved tree species for timber at 13 year in Central Northern region of Vietnam show that, survival rate of the plantation forests is fairly low from 48,1 to 66.4%. Volume of the forest is from 58.95 to 108.70 m³/ha (increment of the forest from 4.53 – 8.36 m³/ha/year) in Yen Bai and from 95.22 to 139.43 m³/ha (increment of the forest from 7.32 to 10.42 m³/ha/year) in Phu Tho. Models of planting mixed species in Phu Tho province are equaller and better than the experiments in Yen Bai province. Model of mixed five species (Lithocarpus ducampii, Cinamomum burmanica, Castanopis cerebrina, Prunus arborea, Machilus bonii) by rows (Model MH3) has highest volume of the forest in the Models (108.70 m³/ha) in Yen Bai, and experiment of mixed four species (Lithocarpus ducampii, Cinamomum burmanica, Castanopis cerebrina, Prunus arborea) by bands (Model MH5) reaches largest the volume (139.43 m³/ha, increment of the forest is 10.72 m³/ha/year) in Phu Tho. Growth of Lithocarpus ducampii and Castanopis cerebrina are best in model of mixed five species by rows, and growth of Cinamomum burmanica, Prunus arborea and Machilus bonii are fastest in model of mixed three species by rows. Five models, including MH1, MH2, MH4, MH5 models in Yen Bai province, and MH5 model in Phu Tho province, had good quality of stem with above 10 total scores. Stem qualify of Lithocarpus ducampii, Prunus arborea and Machilus bonii are good because their total scores of the qualify are greater than 10.5 points. Stem qualify of Cinamomum burmanica is worst because its total scores in the models are lower than 10 points. The models do not show disease, but the species of the models were eaten by leafworms from 1.6 to 11.3 percents.

Keywords: Large size timber, mixed plantation, native broad-leaved tree species, Phu Tho, Yen Bai province

Từ khóa: Cầu Hai, Re gừng, rừng trồng hỗn giao, sinh trưởng

Cinnamomum burmannii is a big size evergreen broad-leaved tree with wide ecological amplitude. There are gray white wood and fine wood grain, and its wood is used for construction and furniture. The species have been widely planted in several provinces from Northern Vietnam, and is a promising tree. Assessment results of 12 planting models of Cinnamomum burmannii from 12 to 25 years showed that the species is slow growing, and increment of diameter is from 0.55 to 1.18 cm/year. Height growth is not much different between the models, and increment of height is from 0.62 to 0.89 m/year. Canopy of C.burmannii is quite wide, and is from 1.92 to 7.69 m, and canopy growth significantly affects diameter growth. Volume of the models are quite low, and volume increment of the models from 17 to 25 years is from 2.38 to 7.19 m³/ha/year. Quality of the species in the models is quite good, stem straight is 3.6 points or more, and the trees are less affected by pests and diseases. Good and medium trees for quality are mostly, and the bad trees occupy less than 27%.

Keywords: Cau Hai, Cinnamomum burmannii, mixed plantation, growth

Từ khóa: Đánh giá, sinh trưởng, Lương Thịnh, hỗn giao, cây bản địa

Growth of 14 year-old native broad-leaved tree species of mixed plantation in Luong Thinh Silvicultrue Experimetal Station shows that the most species (17 of 25 species) grow fast, servival rate of them differs clearly, three of which are entirely dead. There are four species, including Cinamomum banlansae, Prunus arborea, Lithocarpus ducampii and Erythrophleum fordii, which both grow fast and have good wood and high economic value. For quality of plants, 18 the specieces have straight stems, 4 species of which both have straight stems, small branches, and grow tops well, and 11 the species have three criteria of the quality rather good. Currently most species do not suffer from pests and diseases except Castanopsis cerebrina, Prunus arborea, and Endospermum chinense are damaged by leaf insect and Cinnamomum burmanni is harmed by stem borer. Based on growing and quality of plants of the species, we suggest that 5 native broad-leaved tree species, including Castanopsis cerebrina, Quercus platycalyx, Lithocarpus ducampii, Prunus arborea, and Erythrophleum fordii, are suitable to plant mixed plantation in Yen Bai province and similar ecological area. There are 4 prospective species of planting mixed afforestation for this area such as Cinnamomum balansae Dipterocarpus retusus, Parashorea chinensis, and Cinnamomum burmanni.

Keywords: Mixed plantation, Yen Bai, native broad-leaved tree species

Từ khóa: Cầu Hai, Chò nâu, Phú Thọ, rừng trồng, sinh trưởng

Native broad-leaved tree species using for afforestation of big size timber will diversify crop stucture of forest trees, increases stability of national forest ecology and enhances the value of planted forests. Dipterocarpus retusus Blume, a native big tree, was planted with seeds in 1971 and planted with seedlings for its genetic gene conservation of genetic resources in 2000. These afforestation models are enough time to evaluate their potentiality for supporting large size timber. Result of assessing models of D. retusus in Cau Hai showed that the overall survival rate in the model of conservation of genetic resources is high and reaches 75.9 %. Growth of the species is fast both diameter and high, such as 19.3 cm in diameter at breast height (DBH), 19 m in high, and 11.5 m in height of lowest branches for the 19 year-old forest, and the 43.2 cm in diameter at breast height, 25.2 m in high, and 16.7 m in height of lowest branches for the 48 year-old forest. At 19 year-old, DBH and height increment of D.retusus were 1.01 cm/year and 1.0 m/year, respectively. At 48 year-old, the DBH and height increment were 0.88 cm/year and 0.53 m/year, respectively. Stand volume at 19 year-old was 269.36 m³/ha, and the volume increment was 14.2 m³/ha/year. The tree growth of Xuan Son provinance was fastest, and the tree growth of Tuyen Quang provinance was lowest. If the breeding selection and thinning the plantation forest were carried out, productivity of afforestation of D.retusus could reach very high from 426.2 to 567.0 m³/ha. Quantify of stem of the species is very good to plant afforestation for large size timber, such as straight stem, height of lowest branch is high, branhes are small, growing tops are good, the trees are not harmed by pests and diseases. Therefore, D.retusus is a potential native broad-leaved species to plant afforestation for supporting large size timber in central northern region of Vietnam.

Keywords: Cau Hai, Dipterocarpus retusus Blume, Phu Tho province, afforestation, growth

Từ khóa: Sâu ăn lá, sâu ăn ngọn non, sâu hại, Thanh thất

Ailanthus triphysa is a large and fast-growing native tree and widely distributed in Vietnam. The wood is soft, straight, smooth, easy-to-peel, favored as plywood, packaging, and matches. A. triphysa has been cultivated in some provinces such as Binh Phuoc, Khanh Hoa and Phu Yen with initial promising results. However, according to the surveys of the Forest Protection Research Centre undertaken in 2016, 2017 and 2018 on the A. triphysa plantation in Doan Hung district, Phu Tho province, all trees (100%) in the trial were heavily impacted by two insect pest species, Atteva fabriciella and Eligma narcissus. A. fabriciella severely damaging A. triphysa plantation in the age of 2 and 3 years with average damage index (R) is 2.82 and 2.65 respectively. They eat all bark of the young shoot, causing shoot death, after that the plants recover but will form many shoots that greatly affect the growth and quality of the tree. Average damage index (R) of E. narcissus in A. triphysa plantation at 1 year of age is 2.57. These two species are dangerous insects harmful to A. triphysa plantation, so further research is needed to determine their biology, ecology for efective management.

Keywords: Ailanthus triphysa, Atteva fabriciella, Eligma narcissus, insect

Từ khóa: Công nghệ ép nhiệt, bương lông điện biên , ván ghép, ván sàn

This study has determined the heat pressing technology for plybamboo from Dendrocalamus dienbienensis H.N Nguyen & V.T. Nguyen at 3 – 4 years old. Bamboo were cut into strips of 400 ´ 20 ´ 4 mm and they were dried to 10 – 12% moisture content, then Bamboo strips were heat-pressed to make plybamboo 3 – layers with Melamine Urea Formaldehyde (MUF) with variable heat modification parameters (T⁰ = 110^oC, 115^oC, 120^oC; P = 1.0 MPa, 1.2 MPa, 1.4 MPa; t = 1.5s/mm). The results showed that heat pressing technology effects the quality of bamboo board through identification and evaluation of physical and mechanical properties such as: density, water absorption (WA), Thickness swelling (TS), Modulus of rupture (MOR), Modulus of elasticity (MOE). The results determination of the quality parameters of bamboo boards using MUF glue were as follows: density ranged from 0.8 g/cm³ to 0.92 g/cm³; Water Absorption (WA) ranged from 18.7% to 23.1%; Thickness Swelling (TS) ranged from 6.0% to 7.6%; Modulus of Rupture (MOR) ranged from 110.13 MPa to 156.74 MPa; Modunlus of Elasticity (MOE) ranged from 10106.80 MPa to 16731.00 MPa; Adhesive strength ranged from 0,65 MPa to 1.25 MPa. In the range of temperature, press pressure with 9 modes of heat press, the 5th mode (T⁰ = 115^oC, P = 1.2 MPa, t = 20’) results in determining the best quality criteria. WA = 18.5%, TS = 6.0%, MOR = 156.74 MPa, MOE = 16731 MPa, shear strength = 1.25 MPa, Class 1: used in indoor conditions).

Keywords: Heat pressing technology, Dendrocalamus dienbienensis H.N Nguyen & V.T.Nguyen, modification plybamboo, flooing bamboo